Paradoxes in Politics a Book in Review essays

Oddities in Politics a Book in Review articles The book, which was picked for this audit, is Paradoxes in Politics composed by Steven J. Brams. The book Paradox and Politics is a prologue to the nonobvious in political theory. When talking about the book Paradoxes in Politics, John A. Ferejohn, a partner teacher of political theory at the California Institute of Technology stated, ... a top notch bit of work... What's more, astute prologue to a numerical thinking in legislative issues... the book understands well, is provocative and comprises a persuading case for the utilization of numerical models and considering a wide scope of policy driven issues. Distributed by The Free Press, a division of the Macmillan Publishing Co. in New York City. The book was first copyrighted in 1976. Steven J. Brams likewise known for his other 15 books including Game Theory and Politics. Dr. Brams is additionally the distributer of more than one hundred different papers regarding the matter of legislative issues the first was distributed in 1966. Steven J. Brams was conceived in Concord New Hampshire in 1940. Steven got his four year certification in Politics Economics and Science in 1962 from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, after which he got his Ph.D. in Political Science 1966 at Northwestern. Dr. Brams now lives with his better half and two youngsters in New York City N.Y. where he instructs at the New York University in the Department of governmental issues. Mystery and Politics is partitioned into eight sections the first being the Paradox of Second Best, trailed by Paradox of Voting, Election Paradoxes, Paradox of Cooperation, Paradox of Inducement, the Alabama Paradox, Three Paradoxes of Power and finishing up with a Paradox of Prediction. These eight parts inspect a few critical issues in political theory whose ordinarily acknowledged answers are frequently repudiated by a progressively cautious examination. The Author relates Catch 22s to real cases and information, from casting a ballot in panels to arms races in interna... <!

Concert Critique of Mozart and The Height of Classicism Essay Example For Students

Show Critique of Mozart and The Height of Classicism Essay Show Critique of Mozart and The Height of Classicism On Sunday, December 07, 2003, I went to the Mozart and The Height of Classicism show that was held in the Lincoln Theater of the New World Symphony instrumental foundation. Led by Nicholas McGegan including piano player Robert Levin. There were two bits of music during this show, one of the developments was performed by the piano player alone as a performance, Mr. Robert Levin. The program’s title was Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Chaconne from Idomeneo. The primary piece was Concerto No. 24 in C minor for Piano and Orchestra, K. 491, Allegro, Larghetto, and Allegretto. The subsequent piece was Symphony No. 36 in C major, K.425, â€Å"Linz†, Adagio-Allegro spiritoso, Andante, Menuetto-Trio, and Presto. This show was interesting in that the center appeared to be as much on the instruments as in the music itself. As the piano player and conductor communicated the type of act of spontaneity as Mozart did, which I will clarify further on my scrutinize. The show started speedily at 3pm, when the director Nicholas McGegan entered the phase with the full performance center applauding, along all the individuals from the symphony. All the people in the symphony including the director were wearing every single dark suit. Before his passage I saw that the symphony started to play, clearly the show had not started, so I understood that they were simply conditioning their instruments. This likewise, happened when we came back from break. Being my first time to an ensemble I initially imagined that they were messing with the instruments. The Allegro part was generally excellent. I discovered my self getting a charge out of the most the beginnings and endings of the developments. It likewise sounded glad, and brilliant. This one and Larghetto I delighted in completely since it was the start of the show. This was my first time going to an instrumental show. I saw how delightful the music sounded and I started to welcome it much more. I can concede that how incredible and agreeable was, that I was in somewhat of a stun. This was nothing contrasted with tuning in to a smaller circle. I can say that my preferred instrument was the violin. The play it was played, and how delightfully it sounded, it resembled nothing I’ve hear previously. In this symphony I saw that most musician were for the most part ladies. I believe this was on the grounds that ladies have greater affectability, which appeared to be important to play the instrument. I likewise saw that signals of the individuals from the symphony. How they moved to the music while playing the instrument. This was utilized as motivation and vitality to play the music, and to move the sentiment of the instrument for the piece being played. It additionally communicated outwardly the music. The director specifically some of the time would even hop while leading the symphony, he was awesome with his signals communicating and leading the piece. I have seen nothing like that, he was stunning. I referenced that I delighted in the most the beginnings and endings of the developments since this was the point at which I would hear the tune acquainted and united with a finale, through the adjustments in powerful, which were very quick. A few developments where a piece more slow, quiet and long all through the center. Earlier the third development of the primary piece, Allegretto, Mr. Robert Levin had the piano arrangement in the ensemble, between the strings and the breezes. What was fascinating about this was he was confronting the group and you couldn’t see his hands. Additionally, that the piano didn't have a cover, it was completely uncovered. Being mocking, he clarified that this position was not intentionally positioned that way so the crowd couldn't see his hands, yet for the acoustic explanation of direction for the breeze instruments. He referenced that on the off chance that he would have the cover on the piano and open, at that point it would obstruct the sound originating from the breeze instruments behind him, which the string instruments use as a guide too. This sounded good to me due in light of the fact that the piano was a significant bit of the ensemble for this development. Before the development started he played an example bit of C minor and D major, which is an emblem atic note for the breeze instruments like he said. He did this to get the crowd in the state of mind for the sound. Quickly after the brief presentation the symphony started the development by cooperating. In addition to the fact that it got the crowd, remembering my self for the mind-set for the accompanying development, however I feel that without it I wouldn’t have appreciated or comprehended the piece the equivalent. .uc8a7ecc5ae1d051252043c019ee8fc3b , .uc8a7ecc5ae1d051252043c019ee8fc3b .postImageUrl , .uc8a7ecc5ae1d051252043c019ee8fc3b .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .uc8a7ecc5ae1d051252043c019ee8fc3b , .uc8a7ecc5ae1d051252043c019ee8fc3b:hover , .uc8a7ecc5ae1d051252043c019ee8fc3b:visited , .uc8a7ecc5ae1d051252043c019ee8fc3b:active { border:0!important; } .uc8a7ecc5ae1d051252043c019ee8fc3b .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .uc8a7ecc5ae1d051252043c019ee8fc3b { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .uc8a7ecc5ae1d051252043c019ee8fc3b:active , .uc8a7ecc5ae1d051252043c019ee8fc3b:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .uc8a7ecc5ae1d051252043c019ee8fc3b .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relat ive; } .uc8a7ecc5ae1d051252043c019ee8fc3b .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enhancement: underline; } .uc8a7ecc5ae1d051252043c019ee8fc3b .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .uc8a7ecc5ae1d051252043c019ee8fc3b .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc8a7ecc5ae1d051252043c019ee8fc3b:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .uc8a7ecc5ae1d0512 52043c019ee8fc3b .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .uc8a7ecc5ae1d051252043c019ee8fc3b-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .uc8a7ecc5ae1d051252043c019ee8fc3b:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Animal Cruelty And Family Violence EssayOnce the principal piece finished the musician, Mr. Robert Levin, referenced that he would show genuine impressionism once we came back from recess. He requested that the crowd keep in touch with a couple of bars of music for him to play. He asked that solitary those that knew how to compose music to compose something old style that would sound something like Mozart so he would join it for the following piece. This sounded to me like the genuine Mozart which was known to pull music from his sleeves. I respected the way that the conductor and the piano player made this occasion additionally e ngaging by utilizing different strategies other than simply playing music. When we came back from the brief interlude which I just strolled around Lincoln street to extend my legs subsequent to sitting for about 90 minutes. The musician, Mr. Robert Levin drew the bits of paper with music on them from a bin. Around 20 of them were free eggs, as he alluded them as. Three which he drew from the crate he played. Two were from individuals from the symphony, and one was from a man that was sitting around 3 lines before me, in the overhang. Everybody hailed when the man of honor stud, Mr. Levin appeared to be somewhat shocked and appreciative subsequent to getting out the gentleman’s name. For the subsequent piece, Symphony No. 36 in C major, K. 425, â€Å"Linz†, the piano had been set sideways before the symphony. This was the place the conductor was standing, and for the initial two developments Adagio-Allegro spiritoso, and Andante Mr. Nicholas McGegan, the conductor, didn't take an interest. It appeared that the piano player directed the symphony those two developments. The main development was a piano concerto, which is the independent I had referenced before. The piano player had the spotlight all to him self. I didn't care for these two developments specifically. I appreciated more the others where the violins, viola, cello, woodwinds, bassoon, French horns and timpani assumed a greater job. I’m not saying that this piano concerto was terrible yet I just didn’t appreciate as much the piano’s execution in those two developments. It may have been the piano player understanding, and exercise of ad lib. These two developments were the las t execution of the musician and once the subsequent development finished the piano was expelled from the ensemble. Mr. Robert Levin got his praise once he completed and when he strolled once again from the shades. Over everything I loved the show since it was a similar style of elegance. The last two developments Menuetto-Trio and Presto were directed by Nicholas McGegan. My most loved was unquestionably the last one, since it was so energizing, fiery and quick paced. The timpani just as the various instruments sounded incredible. The timpani in this development played stronger and all the more as often as possible that the various developments, including the past piece. There was just a single percussionist and he played two timpani. So at long last, I’ll end by saying again that the show was incredible, and all around performed. I anticipate going to the New World Symphony once more.

How to Write the Carnegie Mellon Supplement 2018-2019 TKG

How to Write the Carnegie Mellon Supplement 2018-2019 Carnegie Mellon is private university based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania known for its science and technology programs. In 2017, the school’s acceptance rate was 13 percent. “When we‘re connected to others, we become better people,” said Carnegie Mellon University‘s  Randy Pausch, author of The Last Lecture. At Carnegie Mellon you‘ll have the opportunity to collaborate with a diverse community of scholars, artists and innovators. Given the students, faculty, staff and resources that have been available to you as a student, how have you collaborated with others, in or out of the classroom? Or, what lessons have you learned from working with others in the past, that might shape your experience in the future? (250 word maximum)Almost every supplement we’ve blogged about this year has a similar question about diversity or acceptance and we want to know why this question is so long.  Anyway, the nature of this question should be a big signal to anyone reading this. We find o urselves amidst a very important political moment and national divisions. Historically, colleges have been at the heart of the revolution. Now is not the time to be apathetic about current events or politics. Most colleges have a ~certain political leaning~ and Carnegie Mellon appears to be on the bandwagon.  This question indicates to us that they are looking for one thing in a candidate: collaboration. So, think of a time when you collaborated with people who are different from yourself and tell a single story, with a beginning middle, and end. One note: diversity could be as simple as people who have different viewpoints from your own. Just be cautious not to flag your privilege. The lessons should be interwoven throughout the story. Most students choose their intended major or area of study based on a passion or inspiration that’s developed over time â€" what passion or inspiration led you to choose this area of study? (200 word maximum)The first paragraph of your response to this question should include the origin story of your passion or interest. If you’re applying to other schools that are similar to Carnegie Mellon, you should be aware that they are probably going to ask you a similar question, and the origin story route is a good way of thinking about your response to similar prompts within other supplements. The story does not have to highlight a big, earth-shattering revelation. In fact, the simpler, the better. A lot of kids think they need to have this life-changing moment where they realized they wanted to become a doctor. The thing is, you’re 17. We know that to you, it probably seems like you’ve grown a lot in your notions and beliefs over the years, and you have, but trying to convey the profundity of your life choices to someone 20 years older than you (i.e.: the admissions person reading this essay) is going to come across as naïve, or worse, arrogant. The goal here is to go for self-awareness.  So, the story could really just be , “I was interested in Zika and couldn’t stop researching it. I went down this crazy rabbit hole and talked to everyone I know about it for several weeks.” The story should be really specific and consist of a clear beginning, middle, and end.  Consider your application as a whole. What do you personally want to emphasize about your application for the admission committee’s consideration? Highlight something that’s important to you or something you haven’t had a chance to share. Tell us, don’t show us (no websites please). (200 word maximum)What they are telling you here is that you have 200 words to talk about literally ANYTHING. If you’re our student, you are answering this question by bringing up something new that’s going to stand out. We would likely recommend the ‘something new’ be something funny. It should be simple, specific, and humanizing, almost in the style of a Common App essay response. If you’re not working with a professional consultant, just highlight something you feel needs more of an explanation.  Need some help writing great essays? Reach out to us here. We are experts at helping students answer supplements.

How Models Can Be Beneficial For Sustainability Science

Models are used in many different disciplines, ranging from economics to biology. They aim to apply parameters to a phenomenon and provide an analysis of the responses by the system that is being modeled. A model is a good way to project the future feedbacks of a system in order to better plan and build policies regarding the discipline it regards. In sustainability science, a model has the ability to provide information that will lead to the best decisions regarding the longevity of environmental systems and how to go about ensuring the sustainability of these systems. Models can be beneficial in sustainability science and provide useful information pertaining to scientists and policy makers, but that requires proper use and implementation. Models have some risk associated with them in regards to sustainability science, and if not considered, a model can have shortcomings in usefulness. By looking at both the values and risks of models, future modeling techniques and implementations can be better developed well rounded solutions to future dynamic issues. Modeling has many features that make them beneficial in application. Broadly speaking, a model provides you with visual and fathomable demonstrations of complex phenomena’s. For example, by looking at a simple model of an atom you are able to see the fundamental structures that constitute the model, without having to go into a lab with a high-power microscope and look at the real atom. That being said, models give you theShow MoreRelatedEssay about Human Sustainability Theme Exposition1378 Words   |  6 PagesBMO3327: Organizational Change and Development Assessment 4: Individual Theme Exposition Essay Theme: Human Sustainability Student: Jana Moniez Student No: s3885730 Seminar: Tuesdays 2-5 Coach: Angela Bowles Human sustainability is imperative to the success of organizational change and development, according to Dunphy, Griffiths and Benn (2007) Building of knowledge systems, social capital and other strategies designed to increase andRead MoreRisk Management Of A Project1504 Words   |  7 Pagesof Feasibility Feasibility of the project will be assessed based on the project acceptance from all key stakeholders, ease of the planned interventions and clear outcome measurements. Sustainability of the Project High staff/participant turnover too soon after implementation of project can jeopardize sustainability in the long-term. 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Embryonic Stem Cells Research Worth Pursuing - 1201 Words

Lauren Sauer Mrs. Vogan Research Paper 24 February 2015 Embryonic Stem Cells: Research worth Pursuing â€Å"Embryonic stem cell research will prolong life, improve life, and give hope for life to millions of people,† said politician Jim Ramstad. This is a very powerful statement, and a very accurate statement. The solution to curing many diseases is just around the corner because of the advancements in embryonic stem cell research. The much needed support of society can speed up the progression of this research so lives can start to be saved. Embryonic stem cell research should be pursued because it has the potential to help or even cure many diseases, shows more promise than adult stem cells, and is morally ethical. Embryonic stem cells are found in human blastocysts (Marcovitz 17). A blastocyst is a very young embryo (just a few days old) that contains around 200 undifferentiated stem cells (Marcovitz 17). German Zoologist Valentin Hacker coined the term â€Å"stem cell† after he discovered them in a blas tocyst of a crustacean (Marcovitz 18). Embryonic stem cells were collected for the first time in 1988 by Dr. James Thomson of University of Wisconsin and by Dr. John Gearheart of Johns Hopkins (Panno 76). These stem cells are unspecialized; they do not perform a specific function like cells such as muscle and nerve do (â€Å"Stem Cells†). They are also pluripotent, meaning they have the ability to divide and become specialized cells (â€Å"Stem Cells†). This is why stem cells hold soShow MoreRelatedThe Ethics Of The Field Of Science And Medicine2460 Words   |  10 Pagesissues such as the use of stem cells and genetic engineering practices like cloning. The advancement of technology in the field of science and medicine has allowed scientists to carry out new procedures like the ones listed above, rather than wonder if they are even possible. 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The Pathophysiology And Etiology Of The Disease - 1420 Words

Abstract Schizophrenia effects approximately 1% of the human population, despite the high number of individuals being affected, not much is known about the pathophysiology and etiology of the disease. Through the use of pharmacological models such as ketamine and amphetamine, it allows us to purse the dopamine and glutamate hypothesis. The rise of these hypotheses is due to the nature of the disease, hence heterogeneous disorder not all patients exerts all the symptoms of the disease. As a result there is different ways in attaining schizophrenic animal models. One way is through ketamine administration which affects glutamate NMDA receptors. Another way is through amephetamine which increases the level of dopamine which affects the D ¬2†¦show more content†¦1. Introduction Animal models have been used as a primary research tool in investigating pathogenesis and developing treatments for human diseases. To mimic neuropsychiatric disorders in animal models, especially in the case of a complex disorders such as schizophrenia have been a tough task. This challenge persists due to the uncertainty of the pathophysiology and etiology that is presented with the disease. In addition to the unpredictability of the manifestation of the disease, symptoms that do occur in humans cannot be directly correlated with animal models. This presents a challenge where symptoms cannot be directly measured in animals more precisely in rodents. Despite the challenges that were present, researchers have went on forth to examine the disease using subtle approaches. Hence rodents don’t naturally develop schizophrenia, scientists must induce this through pharmacological, genetic, or environmental manipulations. The tools that are most used in pharmacological manipulations t o induce schizophrenia are: ketamine and amphetamine. In this perspective, we will focus on how reliable pharmacological manipulations are in construct validity, face validity and predictive validity in respect to ketamine and amphetamine. Understanding the validity of the animal models will help understand the pathogenesis of the disease and bring novel insights for treatment. The sooner we construct a better representable model of schizophrenia, it

Analysis of Virgin Australia- Online Air Ticketing System

Questions : 1. What are the major business objectives and processes (operations) that the airline company carries out? 2. List the information systems and subsystems that are used to support their portal and describe how they are related to the overall business objectives and processes. If the exact Information System cannot be identified then use the generic terms for the appropriate Information Systems (an example of a generic name is Supply Chain Management system). 3. Detail the scenarios you developed and how the users you observed interacted with the system when carrying out the tasks of those scenarios. 4. Recommend improvements to the system and describe the analytic consequences. For instance, not all airlines provide systems for online check-in. If the company were to add such functionality, what do the analysts need to consider? 5. Describe the stakeholders involved. Who are they? Why do analysts need to consider their interests? 6. Discuss, in detail, the data collection techniques you used to answer the above questions. Describe how other data collection techniques could be used to gather further information. Are You Daunted by the Thought of Due Assignments? Avail Our Services and Receive Assignment Help from Experts. Answers: 1. What are the major business objectives and Operations of Virgin Australia? Virgin group enter into the airline market of Australia in 2000. After starting their business Virgin brings wider challenges to their competitors in same industry. However, in 2011, the name of Virgin Blue changed into Virgin Australia. The CEO of Virgin Australia John Borghetti said that that company is the second largest fleet service providers worldwide. In airline industry, Virgin Australia is best known for largest fleet service from the view points of size. The company developed their business with the great activities of leadership and management. The company runs their business in an unprecedented market condition over 18 months. The major objectives of Virgin Australias business are to become the leader in global premium airline market (Garay Bezanilla, 2013). In order to achieve the large market share and become the leader in airline market, Virgin Australia provides services based on customers perspective. According to the CEO of Virgin Australia, customers are the heart of the company. The company always tries to provide outstanding consumer experience with their flying. For fulfil the demand of every customer, Virgin Australia consistently high service such as divide the class based on price. The most important method of Virgin Australias service is that they provides safety first and act with the honesty and integrity. 2. List of Information System and sub system that used to support the portal as well as overall business processes and objectives of Virgin Australia. In the business process of Virgin Australia, the company integrated several information systems within their portal for book of ticket to the customer. These are E-Ticketing Systems, Internet Booking system, Book ticket via Kiosk and ATM, for telephonic booking integration of call centre, integration of major global distribution (Fan, 2012). The existing online reservation system of Virgin Australia was designed based on the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (http) and the client server architecture. This was designed to facilitate the customer for daily basis reserve flights and book flight. Apart from that, the online reservation portal of Virgin Australia such as www.virginaustralia.com was also designed with the good human computer. It allows the company to provide facility to the user to book ticket in online fromany place. Through the designed portal of virgin Australia, users can log on to the site and make their ticket reservation from any place and the company integrated pay pal system for secure payment that allowed to pay for the booking tickets online. Internet Booking For the internet booking system, the software designer of Virgin Australia designed two type of architecture including traditional software oriented architecture and service oriented architecture. Traditional software oriented architecture was designed for the application software of ticketing agent desktop that runs without web service for booking the ticket or reserve the flight (Hamilton Sankaranarayanan, 2013). On the other hand, service oriented architecture was designed for the distribution system where agents are able to book ticket or reserve the flight online. In order to designed the architecture of service oriented system various technologies were used such as Web Service Description Language (WSDL), Universal Description Discovery and Integration (UDDI), Extensible Mark-up Language (XML) and Simple Access Objective Protocol (SOAP) Information System for ticket booking: The designed information system is used for the collection of data or information that relates to ticket booking and the data process for real time use as well as contain actual information. However, the implemented information system using hyper text transfer protocol allows the company in encompassing the data gathering information from the users (Katkat, 2014). Apart from that, the designed information system for ticket booking monitoring data transmits and receives data the network. Management of Information System: Management Information System is used for the management of gathering data and information in terms of making decision and creates a report about the summery of information system. Transaction Processing System: Transaction Processing System was designed through the WSDL (Web Server Description Language) for collection of information, business processing system, modification or cancelation the transaction, etc (Flood et al. 2011). The designed transaction process system was support multiple users at once because it was designed by the developer for simultaneous use. Transaction Processing System of Virgin Australia generally stored the information in the database of the organisation (Puhe et al. 204). The collected data are used for various purpose of the company such as wages,summarization of stock inventory, scheduling of manufacturing, register checking, billing, etc. Natural Networks and External System: The natural network of Virgin Australia was designed based on the hyper text transfer protocol in terms of fostering the human brain. However, the designed network of Virgin Australia is used for the learning and remembering the information. On the contrary, expert system of the company was designed using the UDDI method (Silva Ferreira, 2014). This is the knowledge based system for Virgin Australia and use for analyzing data and producing results for recommendations. Decision Support System: Decision Support System was designed in the business process of Virgin Australia for analyzing the collected data that stored in database. Decision Support System helps the company in generating statistical projections as well as the data models. Decision Support system allows the airline firm to improve the service quality rather than replacement of staffs or managers decision. The CEO of Virgin Australia said that developed Decision Support System assists the company in solving problems during the company use external data for decision making process. E-Ticketing E-ticketing methodology involved by the company in order to replace the conventional paper of booking ticket information. The technique of e-ticketing system allows the customer in replacing conventional paper ticket with e-ticket. Virgin Australia using e-ticketing technique provides message or information to users about the details of their booking information and the check-in system in airport support the e-ticketing technology and facilitate the user to check their information itself (Mayes et al. 2009). Virgin Australia properly develops the data security for their e-ticketing system using the ET technology. It allows in building trust of customer t Virgin Australia. E-ticket service facilitates the business process of virgin Australia due to its user friendliness because it is easy to navigate. 3. Details of the scenario that developed and the interaction system that carry out the task of those scenario. Case Scenario of Request Flight Information Name Request for the available information about Flight Summary User put the reservation data with the departure date and destination city into the e-ticketing reservation system. The designed system inquires about the available flights of a particular date and represents the information for the users. Basic Events Customer System Application of e-ticketing reservation system introduced for the customers Display the user interface system about the flight service for the customers Selects Departure Date Select Return Date Choose origination City Choose Destination City Choose the round trip or one way journey Choose nonstop or connections flight services Submit the criteria Validation of data or information about customers Displays the flight list that available on that particular date to meet the criteria of customers None None Customer System Shows the error or invalid message for invalid data or input of the users Acknowledge the message for the users Displays the current system or criteria for modification to the users about the desire information of flight service and continues to submit criteria If the data or information put properly into the system of e-ticketing reservation online and no data or information about flight identified that shows the message that no flight service available for that particular date. Acknowledge the message for the users Displays the user interface of current criteria in order to modify the requirement of flight services to the user and continues to submit criteria. Assumptions Continues user of Virgin Australia flight service knows the flight service information and the budget that available for that flight service. Triggers Majority of customer demands and require for the flight information Pre conditions It is demonstrated that customer has E-ticketing Reservation System already into their computers or mobile phone and has internet connection Post Conditions In order to meet the specified travel criteria of Virgin Australia, customers has a lists of flight service of Virgin Australia Use Case Scenario Name Request for the selection of flight service of Virgin Australia Summary In the display user interface, the company represents the information about their service and customers are allowed to select the options of flight for the destination. Apart from that, desired system of the reservation application allows the customer to choose seat type. After selection of seat, user can requested for putting the information for payment of holding seat into the flight. Complete the all process of flight service submits the data into database. Basic Events Customer System The customers are allowed to select the flight service based on their preference. The customers are allowed to select the seat type based on their preference. Request form of selected flight service and seat type on hold until and unless the user put payment information into the system. After putting the information into system request for confirmation about desired input to the customers Submit the request into database. Options for Alternatives None None Exceptions Customer System If the flight service unavailable than display the error message to customer that state the current flight is not available and display the chart of that particular flight service. If the selected seat is not available on that particular flight and date, display error message that current seat is not available for this date and display the chart of available seat on that flight on for the given date by users Continues to options for selecting preferred flight and seat. Assumptions The customer put the name of city of origin, input the destination city name and provides the date of journey with that flight. Triggers Majority of customer demands for the flight service and seat that comfort for journey and tries to hold on for long time Pre conditions Majority of customer collect information about the booking flight service and gather the list of flight service that available on that particular date. Post Conditions In order to meet the specified travel criteria of Virgin Australia, customers has a lists of flight service of Virgin Australia and keep on hold the flight and seat for long duration. Use Case: Book of Flight Use Case Scenario Name Flight Booking service by the customer Summary This service or provided the customer to input the information about their credit or debit card for the flight booking. After input the information request for authorization from that database about the input of payment information. After authorization, service booked the flight and provides a confirmation number to customers. Basic Events Customer System Display the User Interface about the holding flight that booked by the customers and request or prompt the customer for input of payment information. Based on input payment information prompt for the confirmation Create a link to the database for authorization of given credit and debit card information Prompt for the final verification. Request for transaction confirmation The application of e-ticketing reservation system sent request to database for authentication of payment information If the input method properly entered and match with the database, indicates that authorization successful and proceeded to final payment Virgin Australia provides a number confirmation number to the customer about the booked service. Apply the charges for the customer credit card Options for Alternatives None None Exceptions Customer System If the customers are not satisfied with the holding flight they are able to cancel the booking or reschedule the flight. It continues to the use case diagram of request to flight If the customer input method does not valid with the database of payment service it display that input method do not match with the database. If the communication unable to communicate with the server or database of credit or debit card databases it shows that error message that database cannot be communicate try later for book the flight and continues to holding flight service for booking or final payment. Assumptions Majority of customer hold the flight for long time Triggers Majority of customer make payment for their hold flight and seat of virgin Australia Pre conditions The customer placed the seating or flight service with final payment that hold by them. Post Conditions Customer gets the confirmation number from the virgin Australia and valid that they are able to travel. Customer credit or debit card reflects that transaction is successful and billing the statement. 4. Proposed system for the Virgin Australia Following use case diagram will be the best method for e-ticketing reservation system of virgin Australia. It will be able to provide service in better way for reserve flight, reserveseat, airline departure time, departure date, arrival time and arrival date. Apart from that, this proposed system provides the information about flight service based on seat capacity and price rate. Display allocated time for the trip. The entire system has to be designed based on the vb.net method. Use of vb.net method facilitates the virgin Australia to support the god interaction from the viewpoint of human computer. Description The above use case diagram allows customers to make the reservation system by entering the details of customer and flight along with seat. The designed case diagram will display the flight service along with costs of the flights. The designed system must see the price and available seat of that particular flight with diagrammatical view and provide options for the customer to precede that system. After proceed the booking request of flight service, the designed system has to give options of make payment and this option automatically generates the receipt of user. Apart from that, customer gets the details about the available flight and seat and the availability of service based on departure date that put by the customers. The designed service of e-ticketing reserve system replies the information about the choice of flight along with price. Moreover, the designed system would proceed for the booking of price and user choice after getting the information about flight service of virgin Australia. Furthermore, after getting information about flight service and availability of seat on a particular date, the system will provide the options of make payment via choice of the customer including Pay Pal and Credit or Debit Card. After complementing the all produce of booking flight service, the system automatically generates a unique number and it will provide to customers. Following is the proposed class diagram for e-ticketing reservation system of Virgin Australia 5. Description of Involved Stakeholder and consideration of their interests Virgin Australia committed the sustainable business for long term. The company involve wide range of customer base based on daily basis. According to the CEO of the company, stakeholders are the important that affected their business mostly (Hurren Berlie, 2011). The key stakeholders of the company are shareholders, community group, annual staffs, guests, employees, unions, regulators, governments, major suppliers, etc. Employees Engagement: In order to engage the employee, virgin media used direct communication methods such as telephone calling, emails, and internet (Virginaustralia.com, 2015). Apart from that, the company keeps continuous survey via arranging meeting at the weekend and provide relevant training to their staffs. Governments and Regulator Engagement: Virgin Australia engaged their business with the government of those countries where they provide their flight service. Virgin Australia maintains policy of government and advisory group. Suppliers Engagement: Through the e-procurement system, the company engaged their external supplier with the operational process. Shareholders Engagement: In order to engage the shareholders and increased investment, Virgin Australia held meeting and describes the annual report and profit margin with their shareholders. Customers Engagement: Virgin Australia provides effortless service to their customers by including the customer service team, websites and customers. Virgin Australia provides different service to their customers such as social media, in flight magazine, velocity frequent flyer, focus group, etc. It helps in understanding about the journey date and time along to comfort ability with the flight. Stakeholders are the the most important elements of attaining success in business and continues the business for long term viability. In order to achieve large customer base, employees has to put their best effort. Customer satisfaction is the key method of attaining success. Apart from that, Management is the potential for long term viability because management are the responsible person that hold the business report and make decision based on external market requirement. 6. Data Collection Technique that used In order to complete this study, analyst collected the data using qualitative data collection technique. It helps in recoding the data into narrative form and allows to provide better description about the assignment. Qualitative technique assists the analyst in adding the theoretical concept into practical approach. It is the better understanding process rather than other technique of data collection. However, data are collected from the various secondary sources such as books, journals and websites. Moreover, primary data are collected for this study from the CEO of Virgin Australia. In order to gather more information about this study, need to use of quantitative technique. It helps in collecting the statistical data that will be helpful for recording large amount of data. References : Fan, L. (2012). An Evaluation of the Operation of the Railway E-Ticketing System. Ibusiness, 04(02), 164-167. Flood, M., Bosley, E., Morris, T., Ambrozak, E. (2011). Abstracts of papers for the eighty sixth annual session. Morgantown: West Virginia Academy of Science. Garay Bezanilla, E. (2013). Tariff Systems and e-Ticketing in Public Transport. Saarbrucken: AV Akademikerverlag. Hamilton, P., Sankaranarayanan, S. (2013). Intelligent Agent Based RFID System for on Demand Bus Scheduling and Ticketing. IJFCC, 399-406. Hurren, K., Berlie, H. (2011). 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